Rectal biopsy

Biopsy - rectum

A rectal biopsy is usually part of anoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.

A digital rectal exam is done first. Then, a lubricated instrument (anoscope or proctoscope) is placed into the rectum. You will feel some discomfort when this is done.

A biopsy can be taken through any of these instruments.

You may get a laxative, enema, or other preparation before the biopsy so that you can completely empty your bowel. This will allow the doctor a clear view of the rectum.

There will be some discomfort during the procedure. You may feel like you need to have a bowel movement. You may feel cramping or mild discomfort as the instrument is placed into the rectal area. You may feel a pinch when a biopsy is taken.

A rectal biopsy is used to determine the cause of abnormal growths found during anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or other tests. It can also be used to confirm the diagnosis of amyloidosis.

The anus and rectum appear normal in size, color, and shape. There should be no evidence of:

• Bleeding
• Polyps
• Hemorrhoids
• Other abnormalities

No problems are seen when the biopsy tissue is examined under a microscope.

This test is a common way to determine the specific causes of abnormal conditions of the rectum, such as:

• Abscesses
• Colorectal polyps
• Infection
• Inflammation
• Tumors
• Amyloidosis
• Crohn disease
• Hirschsprung disease in infants
• Ulcerative colitis

There is some risk of bleeding and tearing.